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Papers on Science and Nature
Dams And Resources
Number of words: 1199 | Number of pages: 5.... 5,500 large dams make it the second most dammed country in the world, we have
stopped building large dams, and are now spending great amounts of money trying to fix the problems
created by existing dams.
Although the impacts of large dams have been well documented for some time now, in case after
case, new ones are proposed whose environmental impacts are downplayed or even ignored. A suvey
showed that most dams were built without the consideration of downstream effects, even when these
impacts could be predicted to cause massive coastal erosion, pollution, and other problems.
Reducing the flow of water from a river chang .....
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Bioluminescence In Fungi
Number of words: 2045 | Number of pages: 8.... by scientists as a bioindicator for Tuberculosis as well as heavy
metals. On going research involving bioluminescence is currently underway in
the areas of evolution, ecology, histology, physiology, biochemistry, and
biomedical applications.
History of Bioluminescent Fungi
The light of luminous wood was first noted in the early writings of
Aristotle which occurred in 382 B.C.(Johnson and Yata 1966 and Newton 1952) The
next mention of luminous wood in the literature occurred in 1667 by Robert
Boyle who noticed glowing earth and noted that heat was absent from the light.
Many early scientists such as Conrad Gesner, Francis .....
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Number of words: 459 | Number of pages: 2.... swollen
You may notice that:
your symptoms are worse at night
your hands feel weak in the morning
you drop objects more than usual
you have trouble grasping or pinching objects
you may have trouble using your hands for certain tasks, such as buttoning a shirt, writing with a pen, or opening a jar lid
Who gets it?
Carpal tunnel syndrome can occur at any age. Carpal tunnel syndrome from non-work causes usually affects people in their fifties, while from work causes is highest between the ages of twenty and forty. The condition is more common in women than in men.
Treatment for Carpal tunnel syndrome
After th .....
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Energy Flow Systems
Number of words: 1419 | Number of pages: 6.... The constant movement of material in the river cuts and
shapes the river basin into the land. This movement is a slow and inefficient
use of energy. According to White, only two percent of water's potential energy
results in the work of erosion. The other ninety-eight percent of water's energy
was lost as water molecules rub against themselves, the river bed, and the river
banks. This energy was released as heat into the river.
Often the energy of flowing water was not recognized. There are
occasions when rivers do show their power is destructive ways. Power was
usually demonstrated through floods, and more so in flash .....
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Nuclear Weapons
Number of words: 955 | Number of pages: 4.... releasing energy and a neutron. In order to squeeze the two
nuclei together, an atomic fission bomb is usually used. A fusion reaction
releases about four times more energy per unit mass than a fission reaction.
The United States supervised the development of the atomic bomb under the code
name Manhattan Project, during World War II. The first nuclear chain reaction
occurred in December 1942, at the University of Chicago. Soon after the first
bomb test, atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki in 1945. The first hydrogen bomb was developed by a team of United
States scientists and was fi .....
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Rabbits
Number of words: 343 | Number of pages: 2.... snowshoe rabbit. The hare
has strong hind legs that enable it to hop 43 miles per hour (69 km/h), as
fast as a race horse. Lagomorphs must be able to hop about quickly to
escape from predators. Another lagomorph, the pika, dwells among the craggy
mountain slopes of Asia and North America. In late summer the little pika
might be seen guarding a stack of freshly cut hay with determination. A
pika bites off tender shoots of grass and plants and piles them up into
stacks 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) high. The hot summer sun dries the grass
and plants and preserves them for winter consumption. Measuring only 6 6o
10 inches (15 to 25 cm) i .....
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The Noble Gases
Number of words: 447 | Number of pages: 2.... in 1898. Its uses include electric signs, lamps, and lasers.
Argon is the most abundant and most used noble on earth. Sir Walter Ramsey discovered it by Lord Rayleigh and in 1894. Argon makes up about 1.2 % of the earths atmosphere. It is found naturally in rock and in the air. It is used for electric light bulbs and fluorescent tubes. It is also used a lot in industry.
Krypton a very rare noble was discovered by Sir Walter Ramsey and by Morris W. Travers. Traces of it are found in natural gas, hot springs and volcanoes but most of it is in the atmosphere. It is used for incandescent lights and it is used in high speed photo .....
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Prions
Number of words: 1715 | Number of pages: 7.... with experiments like the
one done by Stanley B. Pruiser and his team of scientists at the School of
Medicine of the University of California at San Francisco in which a study was
carried out on mice to see if he was able to purify the scrapie agent ,another
prion disease, in mice. But mice as humans took very long to develope the
disease, for example Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease or fatal familial
insomnia, which appear mostly on humans which have passed the age of forty and
only in very rare cases before, so the experiment was changed to hamsters as
these die faster because developed the disease earlier. One of the me .....
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Analysis Of A Vapor Power Plant
Number of words: 1672 | Number of pages: 7.... be referenced as depicted above with the
numbers 1-13. The analysis of the system will involve the use of the Energy Rate
Balance to isolate the specific enthalpies and associated values of temperature,
pressure, specific volume, and steam quality. The Entropy balance equation will
be used to calculate the specific entropy at all the above noted states. Energy
Rate Balance (assume KE&PE=0) dEcv/dt = Qcv-Wcv+Smi(hi) - Sme(he)
Entropy Rate Balance dScv/dt = SQj/Tj + Smi(si) - Sme(se) + scv
For simplicity, it is assumed in all calculations that kinetic and potential
energy have a negligible effect. It is also assumed that each .....
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Killer Bees
Number of words: 500 | Number of pages: 2.... of European honeybees. However, many of the basic African honeybee traits remain, including rapid population growth, frequent swarming, minimal hoarding of honey, the ability to survive on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar, and a highly defensive nature.
Africanized honeybees are more difficult to manage than European honeybees and produce less honey. The businesses of many beekeepers in Latin American countries have failed as a result of Africanization of the native hives. Africanized honey bees are not expected to have the same impact in the United States because of advanced beekeeping technology and climatic limitations on th .....
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