.... cross this cell membrane, however larger lipid insoluble molecules could not. He also observed that small polar molecules could slowly cross the membrane. Other experiments with the likes of hen eggs suggested the presence of a lipid layer in the membrane. These results became known to biologists across the world and it was generally accepted that a semi-permeable lipid membrane surrounded some if not all cells (2). Although this was opening new doors for cell biologists, the information was widely disregarded. One hundred years ago biological fact was based on what could be seen and since the proposed lipid membrane was smaller t .....

.... organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are used to break things down and contain enzymes. First we placed the slide under the simple microscope and observed it at ten times magnification level. We each took turns looking. We then copied them as drawings into our Cornell notebooks. After that we changed the magnification to fifty times and observed the slide. We each t .....

.... carbon atoms which all form bonds with the rare ozone molecules. A few more products with CFC's are coolants for refrigerators and air conditioners, foam products, such as cups, and insulation for houses. Considering that ozone molecules are so rare, it is extremely important to keep them intact. Without them, radiation would leak into the earth at tremendous amounts. The radiation comes in the form of UV rays that cause many types of cancer. Pollution also plays a role in how severe the problem gets. It will eventually eat a hole in the ozone layer and global warming will occur and the average temperature will increas .....

.... distance between us. While people such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas try to convince us with hundred million dollar movies that we are not alone, engineers and geologists like from the NASA-Stanford University team pursue, based on true evidence, the idea of possible life on Mars. However, the burden of proof is sometimes too heavy even based on real evidence. The tough debate started on August 1996, when scientists from the NASA-SU team announced that a meteorite found on the Antartica contained evidence of past life on the red planet. They supported their conclusion on the basis of organic molecules, carbonates, and .....

.... less common objects, subjects could name the words faster than generating a category name for the words. Naming pictures are prone to interference when incongruent words are presented simultaneously. Word naming is not as much influenced by distracting pictures. Pictures and words differ in the amount of information to be filtered out, to get the correct response. The design of this experiment is a within subject experiment as the number of choices to be made after viewing the stimulus on the screen are same for everybody (2,3,4). Also the meaning versus number choices (same, different, conflicting) are used by everyone .....

.... They also use their tails to communicate with other . Where did tigers come from? Tigers (and all other carnivores) are descended from civet-like animals called miacids that lived during the age of the dinosaurs about 60 million years ago. These small mammals, with long bodies and short flexible limbs, evolved over millions of years into several hundred different species, including cats, bears, dogs and weasels. Approximately 37 cat species exist today, including Panthera tigris, the tiger. Tigers evolved in eastern Asia, and while some of the earliest tiger fossils have been found in Siberia and China, the tiger's exact pla .....

.... day (say after dinner or with breakfast every day) as effectiveness drops with improper usage. The birth control pill cannot be used as a "morning after pill" without the advice and monitoring of a physician. Common side effects of birth control pills are nausea; vomiting; cramps; bloating; breakthrough bleeding (light bleeding at the start of the regimen); spotting (light bleeding at times); change in menstrual flow (most commonly lighter flow than one is used to); breast changes such as increased tenderness, enlargement, secretion; change in weight, depression, intolerance to contact lenses. Women who suffer from migraine .....

.... black hole is probably one of the most misunderstood ideas among people outside of the astronomical and physical communities. Before an understanding of how it is formed can take place, a bit of an introduction to stars is necessary. This will shed light (no pun intended) on the black hole philosophy. A star is an enormous fire ball, fueled by a nuclear reaction at its core which produces massive amounts of heat and pressure. It is formed when two or more enormous gaseous clouds come together which forms the core, and as an aftereffect the conversion, due to that impact, of huge amounts of energy from the two clouds. The .....

.... uranium is extracted, pitchblende is broken up and mixed with sulfuric and nitric acids. It then dissolves into uranyl sulfate. With the addition of sodium hydroxide, uranium is precipitated as sodium diuranate which is known as the yellow oxide of uranium. To get uranium from carnotite, the ore must be finely ground and treated with a hot solution of caustic and potash to dissolve out the uranium, radium, and vanadium. And after the sandy matrix is washed away, the solution is treated with sulfuric acid and barium chloride. A caustic alkali solution is then added to the remaining clear liquid precipitates the uranium and radi .....

.... to become greater soldiers or officers? Will the newly found technologies be used to engineer biological weapons? Corporations Will corporations require genetic testing to be performed as a term of hire? Will corporations issue genetic testing to employees to determine job position? Eugenics A. Define Eugenics B. Creating a “Custom Child” 1. Ability 2. Ethics Privacy and ethical views on genetic testing General concerns of privacy Discrimination from insurance companies Discrimination from government policies Discrimination from employers Who should now the results of a genetic test? Individuals s .....