Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism, born in Lumbini, Nepal. He was the son of the head of the Sakya warrior caste, with the private name of Siddhartha; in later life he was known also as Sakyamuni (Sage of the Sakyas). The name Gautama is a combination of the family name Gautama and the appellation , meaning “Enlightened One.” All the surviving accounts of 's life were written many years after his death by idealizing followers rather than by objective historians. Consequently, it is difficult to separate facts from the great m ....