Present efforts to repeal affirmative action are based on several general misconceptions. One is that our society, having reached a point of true equality, no longer needs programs that help government recruit and hire qualified women, people of color, and persons with disabilities. Unfortunately, there is abundant evidence -- from Census Bureau data and academic studies, to news accounts and everyday experiences -- that we still have a long way to go to achieve equality of opportunity for all social groups. Another misconception is ....