In 1965 an intellectual bomb was dropped on the field of interest groups, in the form of . In this seminal work Olson details the dynamics of group formation. The central theory is that men and women are rational, correspondingly they maximize benefits and minimize costs; because of this rationality people will not join in collective action unless induced to do so by incentives. A corollary to the central theory presented is the “by-product” theory. The by-product theory states, ‘The large and powerful economic lobbies are in fact t ....