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Papers on Science and Nature
Lasers 4
Number of words: 757 | Number of pages: 3.... the so-called active medium might consist of are, atoms of a gas, molecules in a liquid, and ions in a crystal. Another component consists of some method of introducing energy into the active medium, such as a flash lamp for example. Another component is the pair of mirrors on either side of the active medium which consists of one that transmits some of the radiation that hits it. If the active component in the laser is a gas laser than each atom is characterized by a set of energy states, or energy levels, of which it may consist. An example of the energy states could be pictured as a unevenly spaced ladder which the higher run .....
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Evaluating An Enthalpy Change That Cannot Be Measured Directly.
Number of words: 627 | Number of pages: 3.... pre-weighted sodium hydrogencarbonate was then added to the solution, and
the final temperature was recorded.
The contents of the cup were then emptied out and the cup was washed out with
water and then thoroughly dried. This was done three times for the sodium
hydrogen carbonate so that I could remove any anomalies that were obtained.
The experiment was then repeated in exactly the same manner except sodium
carbonate was used instead of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
The results were then tabulated, this table is shown below.
Results Table. Results Table for Sodium Hydrogencarbonate.
Results Table for Sodium Carbonate .....
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Drug Identification With Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometr
Number of words: 771 | Number of pages: 3.... have sufficient volatility. The theory behind the mass spectrometer is to use the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of ionized atoms or molecules to separate them from each other. Mass spectrometry is therefore useful for quantitation of atoms or molecules and also for determining chemical and structural information about molecules. Molecules have distinctive fragmentation patterns that provide structural information to identify structural components. The combination of the gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer is very easy, because both instrument needs to be modified in excess and both are analyzed in the gas phase and .....
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Extra Terrestrial
Number of words: 404 | Number of pages: 2.... people.
So far, in spite of a concerted effort by not only the U.S. government, but other governments worldwide to discredit the whole notion of unidentified flying objects; in spite of the ridicule heaped on anyone who even hints they may have seen something remotely resembling a UFO; in spite of official debunkings and even threats, people still step out of the shadows of their own fear to tell their amazing stories.
(Seller, ix)
People do talk, and every time something is being repeated a couple words are being added. Hence, not to many people know the truth.
One example of an UFO sighting was
For many years humans hav .....
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"An Ecosystem's Disturbance By A Pollutant
Number of words: 2974 | Number of pages: 11.... can kill off the entire population. Non-target effects are those that
effects a significant number of individuals and spreads over to other
individuals, such is the case when crop dusters spread herbicides, insecticides.
Next we look at population damage by a pollutant, which in turn has a
detrimental effect on the ecosystem in several ways. First, by the killing of an
entire population by a pollutant, it offsets the food chain and potentially
kills off other species that depended on that organism for food. Such is the
case when a keystone species is killed. If predators were the dominant species
high on the food chain, the organ .....
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Biology
Number of words: 1205 | Number of pages: 5.... the notch of the prothallus and
the antheridia are located near the tip. Fertilization occurs when outside
moisture is present and the sperm from the antheridia swim to the eggs of the
archegonia. A zygote is formed on the prothallus and a new sporophyte grows.
4. Flowering plants have unique characteristics that help them survive.
One is the flower itself that contains the reproductive structures. The color
of the flower helps because it may attract birds and insects that spread the
plants pollen which diversify the later generation of plants. Flowers also
produce fruits that protect their seeds and disperses them with th .....
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The Atomic Bomb
Number of words: 543 | Number of pages: 2.... 1945 after the U.S.A. spent over 6.7 Billion Dollars on the test
bomb named the "Trinity". I t was dropped on Alagormado in Texas on July 16th
1945.
When Albert Einstein heard about the "Trinity" he called the president directly
and asked for a halt on all atomic bomb projects for he did not want to hurt
anyone with his discovery. But when spies reported the Germans working on such a
project the Manhatten project was continued.
The long nights there after were hell for the president while deciding to launch
the soon to be completed "Little Boy" bomb.
Finally, the american troops were told to load "Little Boy" in the specifically .....
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Remotely Operated Vehicles
Number of words: 278 | Number of pages: 2.... been
used for the last thirty years. They have been doing tasks that divers can't, do
to Economical and safety reasons.
A Submersible is a piece of machinery designed to do an underwater function.
Submersible's and rov's are important to Marine biologists so they can study
underwater creatures. Geologists can use them to find out more about the
evolution of the Earth by studying the ocean floor. The ocean holds some
minerals that are becoming scarce on the Earth's surface. If we can set up
mining stations under the water it would also provide many jobs.
Undersea manufacturing plants would be practical if located close to .....
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Fluorescence Study Of Dyes
Number of words: 815 | Number of pages: 3.... distance at which decay and energy transfer are equally probable, as well as prove that Stern-Volmer's law and Förster's theory are obeyed.
2. Results
2.1. Electronic Absorption Spectra
We made up stock solutions for both salts and diluted them down to use in the UV/vis spectrometer.
Coumarin 1
C = 8 x10-5 mol dm -3
We obtained a spectrum with a maximum at 376.5nm at an absorbance of 1.4573, using Beer-Lambert's law, we deduced the molar decadic absorption coefficients.
Sodium fluorescein
C = 2.425 x10-5 mol dm -3
Here max was 500.5 nm at an absorbance of 2.0922
Summary of the results obtained. .....
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Cloning And Embryo Research
Number of words: 868 | Number of pages: 4.... mouse stem cells for nearly a decade to create genetically altered mice (Travis Par. 8). Kaye Tucker of World Socialist Web Site writes, “These basic cells are present in the earliest stages of developing embryos and are able to develop into virtually any type of cell and tissue in the body” (Par. 3). This is where genes can be altered and clones can be made. It has been a hard task locating and being able to work with these stem cells because they are only around for a short time (Tucker Par. 6). The possibilities for new research are endless.
Other than a social issue, the idea of cloning has become a moral issue. Man .....
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