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Papers on Science and Nature
Bacillus Anthracis 2
Number of words: 306 | Number of pages: 2.... is composed of sublethal amounts of toxin that induce formation of protective antibody. Frequent boosters are necessary to maintain resistance to Anthrax. Bacillus Anthracis spores also may live in soil for years. The only way to destroy the spores is by steam sterilization or burning. There has been no evidence of person to person transmission of the disease, though Anthrax was a subject of great concern for the military in the Gulf War. Many believed that the Iraqi armies held canisters of the Anthrax bacterium that they could use against their enemies. The largest reported outbreak of Anthrax was in 1956 in Scotland, where 7 .....
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Human Cloning Isn't As Scary As It Sounds
Number of words: 1335 | Number of pages: 5.... determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the
random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming
consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false.
As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they
have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their
"expression." The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, such as
height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And
the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligence
to compassion, is conceded .....
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Hemophilia Manitoba
Number of words: 925 | Number of pages: 4.... the defective X-chromosome.
Males mostly have hemophilia, but women can also have
hemophilia. This is extremely rare though because two
defective X-chromosomes would be needed. In fact, the
first proven case of women having hemophilia was not until
the 1950’s (Bornstein 89). Female carriers are also at
risk. These women are known as asymptomatic carriers and
may suffer excessive menstrual bleeding, bruising,
nosebleeds, and problems during childbirth.
One serious problem with hemophilia is joint bleeds. When
a joint bleeds, a small amount of blood leaks into joint
space and can not escape the joint b .....
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Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining
Number of words: 751 | Number of pages: 3.... in an incubator at 25°C for 24 hours. 2.
Obtain a microscope slide and with a toothpick, smear a thin coat of the
bacteria sample onto the slide 3. Cover the smear with a drop Crystal Violet
and leave standing for 20 seconds 4. Wash off the stain with distilled water;
drain and blot off the excess with bibulous paper. 5. Apply Gram’s Iodine on
the smear and leave to stand for 1 minute. 6. Drain the excess iodine and apply
95% Ethyl alcohol for 20 second duration or till the alcohol runs clearly from
the slide. 7. The smear should rinsed for a few seconds with distilled water to
stop the action of the alcohol. 8. Drain .....
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Coelacanths
Number of words: 373 | Number of pages: 2.... from the novelty of being such rare fish, have very great zoological importance. First, they are "living fossils"-a life form that has been preserved almost unchanged for many millions of years. As such, they offer the scientist a view of the biology of an earlier stage in the history of life. Second, the group of fishes to which the coelacanth belongs occupies an extremely important place in the vertebrate life. They include the ancestors of all land forms, including man himself.
The earliest fossil almost certainly lived in freshwater, but later they entered the oceans. They probably live in quiet deep waters, coming ne .....
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Blood Pressure
Number of words: 691 | Number of pages: 3.... causes of secondary hypertension include renal artery stenosis (or other cause of increased plasma renin), renal parenchymal disease (glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic disease, obstructive uropathy), drugs (oral contraceptives, steroids), and increased levels of catecholamines (pheochromocytoma), glucocorticoids (Cushing's disease), or mineralcorticoids.
Symptoms
Hypertension is referred to as "the silent killer" since those afflicted seem to experience few, if any, symptoms. However, hypertension may be associated with fatigue, headaches, lightheadedness, chest pains, visual and speech disturbances, short .....
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Perception: Seeing Is Believing - UFOs
Number of words: 685 | Number of pages: 3.... their beliefs on their origin contrast. Many looking for a more
scientific definition disregard UFO's as nothing more than a mere
misinterpretation of a plane, weather balloon, or meteor. Some have gone so far
as to say that specific witnesses to UFO's have seen nothing more than a
hallucination and "wanted" to see a UFO so their minds adapted that idea into an
illusion to satisfy the urge.
Personally, I have had two encounters with unexplainable objects in the
sky and to disregard them as a misinterpretation or hallucination is an
impossibility. Witnesses who were with me on one of the occasions saw exactly
what I did and we .....
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Hemophilia 3
Number of words: 660 | Number of pages: 3.... less common.
The gene for hemophilia-A is located at Xq28 while the gene for hemophilia-B is located at Xq27.1-q27.2. There are about thirty other disorders associated with the Xq28 area including manic depression and favism. This must indicate that Xq28 includes many different genes which have not yet been isolated.
The primary symptom of hemophilia is uncontrolled bleeding. The disease can range in severity from a mild increase in bleeding, to massive bleeding from even a minor wound. Treatment involves blood or clotting factor transfusions, and this increases the risk of contracting HIV, hepatitis or other blood transmitted di .....
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Ibuprofen
Number of words: 830 | Number of pages: 4.... is an anti-inflammatory analgesic. It
is propionic acid that is white and powdery, and soluble in water, and organic
solvents such as ethanol and acetone. (1) Its structural formula is:
(CH3)2CHCH2 CH(CH3)COOH
Its role of action as a drug is not completely clear to the sciences,
but that with time will change. One thing we do know is that people who have
allergies to Aspirin should not take this medicine. (2)
As of now we know that it may play a role in prostaglandin synthesis
inhibition. (1) Prostaglandin are hormonal like substances that form in animal
tissue from polly unsat .....
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Copernicus
Number of words: 205 | Number of pages: 1.... quadrant, armilla, and triquetrum. All furnish some measure of the
position of the heavenly body. It took an endless amount of mathematical
calculations to come up with the Copernicus' theory. He had to find out how
fast the Earth spins around the Sun, and how far the Sun is. He also had to
calculate the length of the orbit of the Earth. People use math in every walk
of life. In our days everything is related to math, and Copernicus used his
knowledge of mathematics to provide the human kind with an important discovery.
Only a small amount of people are interested in Copernicus' work. If it
wasn't for Copernicus' love of sc .....
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