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Papers on Science and Nature
The Planet Venus
Number of words: 329 | Number of pages: 2.... over 4,300 miles long.
Venus was the first planet to be reached by a space probe. The space probe Mariner 2 flew close to Venus that sent information to Earth. The Mariner 2 was from the United States. A space probe from the Soviet was called the Venera 7. It was the first probe to land on Venus. When it landed it stopped working because the temperature was so hot. The first color pictures was from the space probe Venera 13.
Venus, Jupiter and the moon formed a triangle on 2-17-99 and 2-18-99. Venus and Jupiter passed each other on 2-23-99. Venus and Saturn passed each other on March 30, 1999. .....
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Orion Nebula
Number of words: 979 | Number of pages: 4.... Then, when the electron drops from the n=3 level to the n=2 level, an Hphoton is emitted. 2 This photon has a wavelength of 6563 Å, and therefore corresponds to the red portion of the visible spectrum. It is these H photons which give the nebula the distinctive red color which we see.
The extreme brightness of the O-type and B-type stars, coupled with the Earth’s atmosphere, has always made high-resolution imaging of the star-forming region difficult. But recent advances in adaptive optics and the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope have allowed for incredible detail into the center of the dust .....
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Army Ants
Number of words: 861 | Number of pages: 4.... for 100 yards or
more. In the U.S. army we attack countries in different areas to weaken the
force we are attacking. We send out thousands of troops in various directions
and try to surround the source of the location being attacked. For instance, if
there are several locations that needed to be attacked to weaken the enemy, like
their weapon storage or air force base, we send several sets of troops to attack
each individual location. This is very similar to the way army ants set out on a
hunting raid. They will send out thousands of ants at once in two or three
different directions.
When ants go out on their raids, a su .....
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The Creation Of The Universe
Number of words: 193 | Number of pages: 1.... out of a dark, boundless ocean called "Nu". Then out of this
ocean, he created the universe. I will be writing about these theories: The Big
Bang theory is what most people believe, also there is a theory called "Steady
State", which is the opposite of the Big Bang theory. There is the theory of an
"Oscillating Universe", which is sort of a compromise between the Big Bang
theory, and the Steady State theory. There is also the religious theory, in
which God created everything.
There are a lot of different theories regarding the creation of the
universe. It is a very controversial topic, because most theories don't follo .....
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The Classification And Formation Of Crystals
Number of words: 419 | Number of pages: 2.... and all have equal length.
Tetragonal
This system comprises crystals with three axes, all perpendicular to one
another; but only two are equal in length.
Orthorhombic
This system comprises crystals with three mutually perpendicular axes,
all of different lengths.
Monoclinic
This system comprises crystals with three axes, all unequal in length,
two o which are not perpendicular to another, but both of which are
perpendicular to the third.
Triclinic
This system comprises crystals with three axes, all unequal in length
and is not perpendicular to one another.
Hexagonal
This system comprises crystals with four axes. Thr .....
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Solving The Mystery Of The Romanovs
Number of words: 476 | Number of pages: 2.... DNA is
passed on from the mother. This information becomes useful when using them
for identification purposes.
In any given cell, there are thousands of copies of mitochondrial
DNA. This relative abundance of mitochondrial DNA can be used by
scientists to obtain DNA from samples where genomic DNA analysis is
difficult of impossible. The first question was which, if any, of the
bones found belonged to the Czar. To answer this, mitochondrial DNA was
obtained eight adult male femur bones found in the grave. Then using a
program called ClustalW, the mitochondrial DNA from many of the Czar's
maternal relatives were compare .....
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Gene Therapy
Number of words: 3603 | Number of pages: 14.... deoxyadenosine (a waste product) into inosine. This leads to the rapid build-up of deoxyadenosine in the system, which becomes phosphorlyzed into a toxic triphosphate, which kills T-cells. The result is an almost complete failure of the immune system and early death.
Previous treatment options included bone marrow transplants, which worked well with matched donors. A major breakthrough occurred with the development of polyethylene glycol coated ADA (PEG-ADA). This treatment introduces coated ADA into the blood stream, although not into the cells. It requires expensive, painful shots on a weekly basis, but it succeeded in giving ch .....
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Killer Whale, The Mighty Dolph
Number of words: 399 | Number of pages: 2.... soon found that fishermen were shooting them to keep them from eating all of a days catch. This was not the first time something like this was found. In the 1950's The U.S. Navy used machine guns to slaughter hundreds of Killer Whales off of Iceland to protect fishing. After these animals are killed, they are usually thrown away. The meat is very bitter and is not used. Killer Whales also do not produce oil as most other whales do so there is no benefit from that area of trade either.
Killer Whales aren't actually whales, they're dolphins, the largest of their group. Both Dolphins and Killer Whales are extremely intelligent and le .....
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EPA Urges Tough Rules On Arsenic
Number of words: 308 | Number of pages: 2.... per billion. Whitman states it is to dangerous to have the arsenic levels over 20 parts per billion.
Person 4- Arsenic occurs naturally in rocks, soil, water, air, plants and animals. High concentration levels are mostly found in the drinking water in the Western states. Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water led to cancer of the bladder, lungs, skin, kidney, nasal passages, and liver according to the EPA in March of 1999.
Person 5- The proposal by the EPA must still be approved by the White House. The ex-president Bill Clinton’s proposal had drawn criticism from officials and leaders through-out the South-West who .....
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Phosphates
Number of words: 865 | Number of pages: 4.... and also to tie
up calcium and magnesium ions found in natural waters and prevent them from
interfering with the cleansing role of the detergent.
Eutrophication is the progressive over-fertilization of water, in which
festering masses of algae's blooms, choking rivers and lakes. Phosphorus
compounds act as a fertilizer for all plant life, whether free-floating algae
or more substantial rooted weeds, and are implicated in eutrophication. Many
countries control phosphate levels, whereas Switzerland has banned the use of
phosphates.
The marine environment is both fragile and more resistant than the
terrestrial eco .....
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