.... communism movement, as stated in the Communist Manifesto: “The Communists do not from a separate party opposed to other working-class parties. The have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole. They do not set up any secterian principles of their own, by which to shape and mold the proletarian movement.” (pg.152) The last idea is almost the direct opposite of the path taken in the communist revolution and of the ideas of Stalin and Lenin. There were not only many divisions between the proletariat movement, but in some cases fighting broke up. This just driving a greater wedge between two gro .....

.... the Vietnam War, the body count was the most important statistic to the U.S. Military command. The efforts to quantify the complexities of the war into simple numbers pervaded every aspect of U.S. military presence in Vietnam. Secretary of Defense from 1962-1967, Robert McNamara, did a lot to persuade high-level policymakers that a "win" in Vietnam was just a matter of improving the numbers. The most devastating consequence of this mindset was the great number of Vietnamese civilians killed without provocation. In a war lacking front lines and territorial objectives, "attriting (slowing eroding the number of soldiers) the enemy" .....

.... the peloponnesian league (Sparta and her allies). The alliance made between Athens and Corcyra was also viewed as a violation of the peace treaty of 445 B.C. between the peloponnesian league and the Athenian league. Athens ignored all Spartan protest about its involvement in the Corcyrain campaign. Further feud was created between Sparta and Athens in 432 B.C. in Potidaea. Potidaea was a city that was tributary to Athens but Corinthian in blood. Tired of paying tribute to Athens the citizens of Potidaea attempted to expel the Athenian power. Athens’ soldiers besieged the city and once again Athenians were battling Cori .....

.... flank of the Union forces and drove them back. At the end Confederate generals urged Robert E. Lee to retreat, but he refused. At dawn, on the 18th, the army was still there inviting attack. Although more then 10,000 additional Union troops reached the battlefield McClellan made no move. Lee had had read McClellan’s mind, he also knew his own men. He knew that his soldiers’ prestige and morale would be strengthened if they believed that the Army of Northern Virginia could never be driven from a battlefield. The retreat did not begin until the night of the 18th, and by morning the army was safely across the Potomac. The f .....

.... to the Showa Restoration in the 1930s is not an easy story to relate. The transformation in Japan's governmental structure involved; the historical period between 1868 and 1912 that preceded the Showa Restoration. This period of democratic reforms was an underlying cause of the militarist reaction that lead to the Showa Restoration. The transformation was also feed by several immediate causes; such as, the downturn in the global economy in 1929Footnote5 and the invasion of Manchuria in 1931.Footnote6 It was the convergence of these external, internal, underlying and immediate causes that lead to the military dictatorship in the .....

.... at bringing the war up close and personal. Americans were seeing their American GIs being killed. The Tet Offense was a U.S. victory in the field. It was a major loss at home and became the turning point battle of the war. The U.S. military lost American home backing. Americans turned against the war because it was not part of "our" problems. American soldiers were being killed because we were trying to solve their problems. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy were both assassinated in 1968. Kent State University was the site where protesting college students were ordered to be killed by guardsmen. the students w .....

.... its people. The opium trade was then outlawed promptly by the Chinese government. The substance, however, was still smuggled into the country. The Chinese government confronted the British regarding the smuggling and this sparked the Opium War (1899-1902). Britain pummeled the inferior naval force and won the altercation. Now, Britain was not only free to corrupt the Chinese people with their opium, but they added a colony to their empire: the large, rich port city of Hong Kong. This abuse of the people for their own personal gain is a clear demonstration of one of the many flaws in European dominance. The second nation which wil .....

.... get help soon, in all likelihood, it will disband." Early into the six-month encampment, the soldiers were riddled with disease and famine. Death was a common site on the camp. The raw weather stung and numbed the soldiers. Empty stomachs were common. The future promised only more desperation and hunger. Many could not take the cold weather, lack of food, and uncertainty of living. There were dozens of desertions. By February the weather calmed somewhat- changing from brutal to miserable. In March, General Nathaniel Green was appointed head of the commissary department and magically food and supplies began to trickle in. By April, .....

.... Removal Policy was passed. The Cherokee were defeated by them which caused Chief Dragging Canoe to sign a treaty in 1777 to split up their tribe and have the portion of the tribe in Chattanooga, Tennessee called the Chickamauga. Chief Doublehead of the Chickamauga, a branch of the Cherokee, signed a treaty to give away their lands. Tribal law says "Death to any Cherokee who proposed to sell or exchange tribal land." Chief Doublehead was later executed by Major Ridge. Again there was another treaty signed in December 29, 1835 which is called The Treaty of New Echota. It was signed by a party of 500 Cherokee out of abou .....

.... by the military in an attempt to silence his voice and maybe even spread fear throughout the country as others feared what would become of them if they spoke out against the government. This imposement of fear, was another method of using violence to prevent political change. Argentina is the most dominant example of government created 'fear' as a weapon against the voice of the people. The acting government or Junta, randomly kidnapped citizens and offered no reason for their actions. In many cases the kidnapped (disappeared) were tortured and killed, their bodies and explanations for what happened never found. The actio .....