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Papers on Science and Nature
Nuclear Waste Management
Number of words: 1179 | Number of pages: 5.... When nuclear fuel is first loaded into a
reactor, 238U and 235U are present. When in the reactor, the 235U is gradually
depleted and gives rise to fission products, generally, cesium (137Cs) and
strontium (90Sr). These waste materials are very unstable and have to undergo
radioactive disintegration before they can be transformed into stable isotopes.
Each radioactive isotope in this waste material decays at its characteristic
rate. A half-life can be less than a second or can be thousands of years long.
The isotopes also emit characteristic radiation: it can be electromagnetic (X-
ray or gamma radiation) or it can consist o .....
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Is There A Light At The End Of The Tunnel
Number of words: 1451 | Number of pages: 6.... that they will affect Medicare, power companies, banks, and stocks.
People now believe that they must remove their money from the banks. This is true, but most of them are waiting until the end of the year to do this. If everyone goes to the bank simultaneously to remove their money, then they will cause an automatic depression. The banks do not have all of the money in the bank at the times that people will want their money. If everyone takes their money out of the banks at the same time, then all the money that is in the government, overseas, and in stocks will be taken away at such a rapid pace that it will cause a depressio .....
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Mechanics: Statics And Dynamics
Number of words: 1552 | Number of pages: 6.... the oldest of
all physical sciences. The writings of Archimedes covering bouyancy and the
lever were recorded before 200 B.C. Our modern knowledge of gravity and motion
was established by Isaac Newton (1642-1727).
Mechanics can be divided into two parts: (1) Statics, which relate to
bodies at rest, and (2) dynamics, which deal with bodies in motion. In this
paper we will explore the static dimension of mechanics and discuss the various
types of force on an object and the different strength of materials.
The term strength of materials refers to the ability of the individual
parts of a machine or structure to resist loads. .....
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BETA PICTORIS: PLANETS? LIFE? OR WHAT?
Number of words: 1554 | Number of pages: 6.... For a long time, even before there was the term cocoon nebula, planetary
scientists knew that a cocoon nebula had surrounded the sun, long ago, in order
for our solar system to form and take on their currents motions (1).
In 1755, a German, named Immanuel Kant, reasoned that “gravity would
make circumsolar cloud contract and that rotation would flatten it (1)." Thus,
the cloud would assume the general shape of a rotating disk, explaining the fact
that the planets, in our solar system, revolve in a disk-shaped distribution.
This idea, about the disk-shaped nebula that was formed around the early
sun, came to be know .....
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Iron
Number of words: 1056 | Number of pages: 4.... is formed in shallow seas. It comes out of the water and collects
on the sea floor. This creates an underwater deposit. This process occurs over
billions of years. Through plate movement the whole sea floor is eventually
moved up out of the water. Once out of the water, the iron has formed a land
deposit. The biggest iron deposit in the United States is in the Great Lakes.
Northern Minnesota is often called the Iron Range. There are two ways iron
deposits are located. In the first method special machines that detects the
iron's magnetism are used ti find a deposit. In the second method a plane with
special equipme .....
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Artifical Intelligence
Number of words: 3402 | Number of pages: 13.... to store and analyze data
2. Analyzes each case uniquely
III. How AI can be used
A. Neural Networks
1. Military aircraft
2. S&P index
3. Recognizing new patterns of credit-card fraud
B. Fuzzy logic
1. Washing machines
2. Vacuum cleaners
3. AC's
C. Chaos theory
1. Wall street
2. Ability to predict and diagnose heart disease
D. Expert systems
1. Employee Training
2. Wisdom Simulators
3. Industry applications
E. KBS and CBR
1. Help desks
2. Law
3. Paroling inmates
IV. Recommendations
A. Neural Nets
1. Best for sifting through super large informati .....
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Stars
Number of words: 817 | Number of pages: 3.... but a
magnitude difference of 5 has been set to exactly a factor of 100 in intensity.
Absolute magnitudes are how bright a star would appear from some standard
distance, arbitrarily set as 10 parsecs or about 32.6 light years. Stars can be
as bright as absolute magnitude -8 and as faint as absolute magnitude +16 or
fainter. There are thus (a very few) stars more than 100 times brighter than
Sirius, while hardly any are known fainter than Wolf 356.
Star, large celestial body composed of gravitationally contained hot gases
emitting electromagnetic radiation, especially light, as a result of nuclear
reactions inside the star. The sun .....
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Muscles In The Human Body
Number of words: 859 | Number of pages: 4.... is made up of smaller fibers called myofibrils. These myofibrils are composed of even smaller protein filaments. These filaments can be either thick or thin. The thick filaments are made of the protein myosin, and the thin filaments are made of the protein actin. The arrangement of the myosin and actin gives skeletal muscle its striated (or striped) appearance.
Each section of a myofibril is called a sarcomere, and is the functional unit of muscle.
How muscles contract is directly related to their structure. The sliding filament theory is an explanation of how muscle contractions occur. This theory states that the actin filame .....
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Ebola Virus
Number of words: 1098 | Number of pages: 4.... of the Zaire string of the Ebola virus was in Zaire, in 1976. The doctors didn't know how to treat it and that meant that
they didn't know how to contain it either. As infected people met in public places the virus spread. In Western Sudan, the same year, the Sudan string
of the Ebola virus emerged with similar results. Both casts together had about a total of 550 infections and around 340 deaths (about 60% death rate).
The virus' then lay dormant till 1979, when Sudan was again hit with 34 infections and 22 deaths. In the outbreak, as before, the fatality rate was about
60% (Mussillami, www.lfc.edu)
In 1987 a new str .....
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Down Syndrome 2
Number of words: 474 | Number of pages: 2.... chromosome results in the
affects of the syndrome. With translocation, most cases occur
sporadically, with no bearing on maternal age. These two types
of this syndrome are very rare, being responsible for only 6 or
7 percent of all cases.
Children with Down syndrome are at high risk for health
problems. These include congenital heart defects, respiratory
problems, increased suseptibility to infections, and/or
obstructed digestive tracts. Leukemia has a greater frequency
of appearance among children with Down syndrome, and adults are
at an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Advances in
medicine have hel .....
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